Diary columns come from public figures and usually written by writers who claim to be close with the concerned personality. Columns may be subject oriented such as those in hobbies or crafts and project the writer’s personal opinion and personality, offering humor, opinion and anecdotes. The new Nicholson School of Communication and Media has a dozen degrees and almost 100 faculty in areas like advertising, journalism, communication and conflict, interactive media and film. It consists of a number of paragraphs in which you develop your ideas in detail: The conclusion is the last paragraph. Evolution of Mass Media. -------------------------- inform the reader about your point of view, arouse the reader’s curiosity so that he or she will want to read about your topic, Limit each paragraph to one main idea. In case of their violation, the affected person may go to the Courts for seeking redress of his grievances. how can apply theories in mass communication? University of Amsterdam, Netherland Tutor, Allama Iqbal open University, Islamabad Understanding Human Communication is written with one goal in mind: to provide students with the insights and skills to succeed in our changing world.Fully updated and expanded to include more information on culture and communication, gender and communication, and the effects of … Mass media refers to a diverse array of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication.The technologies through which this communication takes place include a variety of outlets. The structure of most features plans can be summarized as Introduction – Arguments – Conclusion. Although the members of the judiciary are appointed by the president yet the powers to remove them from their offices have not been given to him for ensuring independence of judiciary. Its purpose is to: A good editorial makes three things clear, –                      The subject or news peg –  the news event or current situation or occasion evoking editorial. –               It should not have been published any where before; –               It should come to the readers for the first time; –               A news must relate in one way or the other to the human activity; –               It should have an element of interest for the readers. It also contains personal opinion of the writer, which is not welcomed in other form of news story writing. A column may pass the projected judgements, make recommendations and may write freely without following the accepted boundaries of news writing. Write comprehensive notes on the following forms of journalistic writing: News is defined as information about an event, idea or opinion that is timely and that affects and interests a large number f people in a community. Mass Media has been evolving through the ancient periods when kings patronized their writers and poets for writing books and creating dramas. Make a note of anything, which might be relevant to your answer. And thanks to what’s often seen as the mysteries of English grammar and the subtleties of the written word, it can be a daily struggle. It often begins with a general statement about the topic and ends with a more specific statement of the main idea. The element of time is of prime consideration to reporters. A news story must follow the inverted pyramid form and be written so tersely simply and clearly that the meaning is absolutely plain. The current news events are presented by relating to the past information and projecting future perspective. Such columns also may emanate from those who have special place in public like politician, super stars etc. MPhil Mass Communication, University of Gujrat, Pakistan –                      The reaction – clear-cut for or against, what the editorial writer wants the reader to think about. The upper House is called the Senate elected by the Provincial Assemblies on the basis of Proportional Representation. This organizational order is not only the most logical but it is the easiest for the beginner to learn. Balance means selecting and arranging facts so as to give a balanced view of a news event. Mass Communication Talk, Weblog is providing information relating to Mass Communication and Media, How to research in mass communication? Before conducting interview the moderator or interviewer needs to be prepared thoroughly. -------------------------- MSc Mass Communication Spring 2012 Social Psychology – II Code 5640, Various Forms of Feedback in Mass Communication. Language Skills & Communicative Abilities. Accuracy is difficult to achieve because of the myriad facts which go into a story, the speed involved in modern journalism, the many people who help to produce the finished story; A report must exercise ceaseless vigilance to achieve accuracy. The writer put himself at the driving seat and gives his opinion/observation as a specialist on the topic under discussion. Extract from your brainstorm listings those topics and points of argument, which are of greatest relevance to the question and its central issue? Accuracy means not only correctness of specific detail but also correctness of general impression, the way the details are put together and the emphasis given. Explain the different ways mass media affects culture. Assignments and Internships reports of electronic and print media. A Column should always carry the writer’s by-line and where necessary photographs may also be used. He/She must follow the following general criteria before conducting an interview: The interviewer should following these interview techniques: Your email address will not be published. Editorial reflects the newspaper ideology and is considered the mouthpiece of the newspaper management. c)            Opinion Interview: – Conducted with prominent persons to sought opinion on an active issue. Let’s have a look at how mass media evolved over the years. Columns are considered very useful piece of material, which is flexible enough to fit in at various placed. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Salient Feature of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan: The present Constitution is the third constitution of the country which was drafted and passed by the National Assembly of Pakistan on April 10, 1973. The National Assembly is subject to dissolution but not the Senate. The style as well approach of column writing is neither serious nor compulsive. For over three decades, this has been the bestselling text for the Human Communication course. Effective reporting is painstakingly precise in word choice, yet full of life and vigor, colorful, yet without personal tinting affectation or overwriting. Features cover all the underlying causes as well as the background of the news story. –                      The reasons – facts or logical arguments to back the statement. The Constitution reflects the spirit of a Welfare State. He must check every note and other details. 3. Journalism is the gathering, organizing, and distribution of news -- to include feature stories and commentary -- through the wide variety of print and non-print media outlets. This require a perceptiveness or possible just and cover powering interesting in people that all authors do not possess. b)           “I Think” or Opinionated Columns. Urdu Blogger and Social Network Activist. The writer tries to find the humorous aspect in life and write an article that will amuse reader. Fakhar Naveed, from Gujranwala, Pakistan. Fakhar Naveed, from Gujranwala, Pakistan. ... Salient Feature of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan: Preparing a comprehensive list of questionnaire. Prove your points continually by using specific examples and quotations. Mass communication messages are prepared by groups of people working for an organization, be they a staff working for a newspaper or a group of volunteers writing a press release for a service organization. Salient Feature of the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan. Using this approach, you will create a basic structure on which your ideas can be built. Readers want the most recent information on topics in which they are interested. -------------------------- Mass Media before Martial Law Martial law was proclaimed on Sept. 21, 1972 Mass media were privately owned and independent of gov't control Multilingual but leadership was exercised by the English language press Manila-centered and underdeveloped in the provinces 58. Lean Body Mass (LBM) = Total Weight – Fat Mass. Columns appear at regular intervals and usually in the same location in the publication in order to facilitate the readers. -------------------------- These columns also spotlight on an event more clearly than thousands of words of explanation. Balance in a news story is a matter of emphasis and completeness. Whether it’s developing a game, filming a scene or writing a newscast, you’ve got a point of view. It is a reporter’s giving each fact its proper emphasis putting it in proper relation to every other fact, establishing its relative importance to the meaning of a story. -------------------------- It provides guidance as well as entertainment to all the readers including those who are already well aware of the facts and figures of the subject. In order to be mass marketed, "a song-hit must have at least one feature by which it can be distinguished from any other, and yet possess the complete conventionality and triviality of all others. Media Ethics & Governance A reporter should report news impartially and honestly. –               It should impart some sort of information or education to the readers; –               It should be concise and accurate, 1. A column may pass the projected judgements, make recommendations and may write freely without following the accepted boundaries of news writing. his/her special interest, his past accomplishments, personal ideology and weaknesses. News must fulfill the following requirements. (Don’t try to talk about more than one idea per paragraph.). Tutor, Allama Iqbal open University, Islamabad The reader is attracted to this type of columns because it contains a juicy bit of gossip. Both the Prime Minister and the Chief Ministers are held responsible to the National and Provincial Assemblies. They may be removed by the assemblies through a vote of No-Confidence. The Constitution of 1973 is written with a preamble, 280 Article, 6 Schedules and a few Amendments. Factual accuracy means that e4very statement, every name and date, every age and address, every quotation is a verifiable fact. Powers of the Federation have been enumerated in the Federal Legislative list part-I and II and residuary powers belong to the provinces Powers common to both the federal and the provincial Governments have been enumerated in the Concurrent List. Seasoned/experienced columnists usually write this type of columns. d)            Symposium Interview: it involves several people talking on the same topic to get a variety of viewpoint. Many features of mass communication distinguish it from other forms of communication. What are different types of print media? University of Amsterdam, Netherland Editorials can be classified on the basis of functions as follows: –                      to influence opinion; –                      to call attention to a wrong/evil to enlighten readers. Compile a list of brief quotations from other sources which will be offered as your evidence. Gathering information related to interviewee e.g. Introduce yourself clearly and accurately; Be sure to get the person’s name and title; Begin the interview with light and interesting question, Be courageous and prepared to draw questions from the ongoing discussions, Do not allow the interviewee to take control of the situation or to misguide you, Make sure that you understand what the interviewee had said. It is difficult to understand all fact of the story. State your case as briefly and rapidly as possible, present the evidence for this case in the body, then sum up and try to ‘lift’ the argument to a higher level in your conclusion. Column Writing: Column is the creative expression covering all fields of journalism. It has thrown away mighty dynasties and created new empires. It can he amended if 2/3 majority of the total strength of the National Assembly approves an amendment in it and when the same is absented to by the Senate with majority of its total strength. The Constitution also provides independence of the judiciary from the Executive. Phil. Editorial page has occupied an importance place in the newspaper industry. ... Like any type of communication, propaganda is not inherently good or bad. Use transition words to ensure a smooth flow of ideas from paragraph to paragraph. The judges can be removed by the president only when the Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan so advises him. Lean Body Mass (also sometimes known as simply “lean mass,” likely the source of the word “lean muscle”) is the total weight of your body minus all the weight due to your fat mass. summarize your main points, leaving out specific examples, Gathering all relevant research/information on the topic. The Constitution provides for Parliamentary form of Government both at the centre and in the provinces. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); News Writing, Editorial Writing, Column Writing and Feature Writing, Differences between journalistic and literary writing, Write a detailed note on different forms of Journalistic writing. –                      to praise or to congratulate; –                      to comment lightly on the news. These might be topics, ideas, observations, or instances from your study materials. -------------------------- Interview is one of the most widely used forms of journalistic techniques. a)            Informative Interviews: it involves gathering of information about new events or issues. A column can be written on any aspect of human interest, it can be humorous, entertaining, sport, talking about people’s life, politics, good governance and may also deal with socio-economic issues such as finance, industry etc.